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【寻味中华】大竹醪糟：新酿初熟好待客******
中新社达州1月17日电 题：大竹醪糟：新酿初熟好待客
中新社记者 贺劭清 张浪
灶中柴火劈啪作响，铁锅热气蒸腾直上，于鼎沸的红糖水中打下土鸡蛋，舀上满满两大勺雪白醪糟，待蛋清刚刚凝固便起锅捞出……在“中国醪糟之都”四川大竹，甜蜜、火热的中国年，通常由一碗红糖醪糟流心蛋率先烫暖。
“一颗曲子三斤米，两勺醪糟一个蛋，简单得很，养人得很。”2022年“9·5”泸定地震中受伤的“泄洪英雄”甘宇近来在老家大竹养伤，就没少吃醪糟土鸡蛋，已经“胖回来了”。
虽然随着现代工业发展，人们很方便就能在楼下商超买到各类醪糟产品，但老一代大竹人仍保留了岁末自己酿醪糟的习俗。这和灌香肠、熏腊肉一样，是迎接新年的“必修课”。
甘宇的奶奶廖代书特意赶在春节前熬制了一大罐土醪糟，希望孙儿恢复得更好。她说，这几天村里家家户户的老人都在蒸糯米、酿醪糟，“醪糟做好了，在外打工的幺儿就回来了”。
谈及自己心心念念的“这一口甜”，甘宇很认真地告诉记者，醪糟在他心中是“四川农村过年待客最高礼节”，春节期间走人户(做客)，一碗醪糟鸡蛋下肚，额头、后背都会渗出汗珠，暖身又暖心。
醪糟古称醴酒，又名酒酿。它不仅是中国酿酒之源，还是一道经商周秦汉、历唐宋明清，至今仍活跃在餐桌的传统美食。农历春节期间，吃象征着团圆的醪糟汤圆、醪糟鸡蛋，是中国多地民间习俗。
临近春节，记者来到大竹县城，城内特色汤圆店随处可见，隔着四五米远便能闻到交织的糯米、红糖与醪糟醇香。“来一碗醪糟汤圆！”店内人声鼎沸，不时有食客发出“安逸”“巴适”的赞叹。
“曲乃醴之骨，粮乃醴之肉，水乃醴之血。曲好骨正，粮好肉丰，水好血醇。”大竹东柳醪糟酿造技艺第二十代传承人唐祥华透露大竹醪糟醇甜酒香、爽口化渣的玄机。
在上千年的传承中，丁香、陈皮、桂皮、白蔻等上百种中草药与天然香料混合着米粉，成就了大竹东柳醪糟米曲的独特风味。优中选优的糯米在清冽山泉水的浸泡下晶莹剔透，以纱布沥出置入蒸笼，蒸至外韧里嫩后，自然冷却至稍有余温，才能拌入提前酵好的米曲粉末。
唐祥华说，糯米装坛后，还要在中间掏出孔洞，便于米酒渗出，滋味更佳。静待一个对时(一整天)，糯米便会发酵为色白汁清、团而不散的醪糟。刚酿好的醪糟，入口甜中带酸，让人欲罢不能。随着时间推移与温度变化，坛中醪糟每天都会变幻出不同风味，直至酒味盖过甜味。
醪糟夏可解暑，冬能驱寒。在小吃甜品之外，醪糟亦可入火锅底料，助锅底辣而不燥：作发面酵母，为松软香甜的面点添上一层复合滋味；取代白酒腌菜，让泡菜酸辣之余略带回甘。在大竹，醪糟甚至化身宴席主角，当地一绝“醪糟宴”便囊括了醪糟肉、醪糟糯米圆子、醪糟红糖烧白等13道醪糟菜品。
从历史深处走来的大竹醪糟，如今已远销加拿大、美国、日本、泰国、新加坡等20余个国家和地区。一辆辆加长大卡车载着糯米等原料驶进县城，又满载着一坛坛、一罐罐醪糟，将这座川东北小城酿就的“这一口甜”送到海内外家庭的餐桌上，添上一抹浓浓中国年味。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄 由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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